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A B-2 visa is primarily issued for tourism or medical treatment. This nonimmigrant visa category allows individuals to enter the United States for leisure activities, such as visiting family or friends, touring, or engaging in recreational activities. It also permits individuals to seek medical treatment in the U.S., enabling them to receive necessary healthcare services.

While options such as employment, educational purposes, or long-term residency may seem relevant, they fall outside the scope of the B-2 visa's intended use. Employment typically requires a different visa category that permits work authorization in the U.S., while educational pursuits usually necessitate a student visa (F-1 or M-1) designed for individuals attending academic or vocational institutions. Long-term residency is not applicable since the B-2 visa is a temporary nonimmigrant visa that does not provide a pathway to permanent residency. Thus, the focus of the B-2 visa is clearly on tourism and medical treatment, which aligns with the correct answer.